Film spacing in stereoscopic apparatus



y 2, 1935. M. FAYOLLE 2,006,914

FILM SPACING IN STEREOSCOPIC APPARATUS Original Filed July 1, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 mm /2 r31 I" W ,MIHW m, MI U" I I I ,IL

1'' h mm, 1 ..........1ummn ,1- n INVENTOR.

BY a. "HI f ATTORNEYS.

July I 2, 1935.

ori inal Filed July 1, 1929 M. FAYOLLE FILM SPACING IN STEREOSCOPIC APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Blank DIJDIJD Ul!DUODDDDDDDUDDUUDDUDIJDUDUDUIJDHIJUIJDBDDIJUIJIJDIJDUUIJUDDIJD IJUDDDDDDIJDDGUIJDDU Blank IJIJIJIJUEIJDIJDDDUDDIJDUDUDDDDUDUDIJIJUUUDUDIIIUIJIJUDUUIJDDDDDDUDCIDDUI] DDDIJIJIJDDDIJIJDDDUIJD I N V EN TOR.

A TTORNEYS.

Patented July z, 1935 UNITED s'racras 2.066.914 r m smcma m sriiasosoorre mros APP Maurice Fayolle,

New York, n. 1.

Application July 1, 1929, Serial No. 315,050

. Renewed October 9, 19a:

100laims.

This invention has reference to the art of optical instruments or apparatus, and particularly relates to the taking, Printing and viewing of stereoscopic pictures on standard, perforated negative and positive motion picture films, though it may apply also to ordinary photographic films formed in strips of somewhat similar dimension.

In cameras or viewers of the type to which my invention pertains, it has been found advanta- -geous, in order to avoid the wasting of film, to interspace the stereoscopic pairs in the following order:

a straight line from one reel to the-other. As, for obvious reasons, it is important to have the lenses spaced at a' distance equal to the normal spacing of the eyes, or 2 /2", the size of such pictures has, of necessity, been limited to the insufflcient width of 4 or 4 perforations. Not only is this limitation stereoscopically detrimental, but the picture is hardly large enough to give satisfactory paper prints of any size.

It is among the objects of my invention to provide, on said films, a larger,.more advantageous and more rational picture size in conjunction with the above mentioned interspacing of the pictures.- According to my invention, I obtain a picture of a width of 6 perforations by a novel spacing and handling of thefilm in the apparatus, this being done through the medium of a rotatable drum, having twelve teeth placed in the path of the film between the framing apertures which are facing the lenses, placed at the point of the normal eye separation. The film held by suitableguides goes around a portion of this drum, as shown in drawings, in such a way that the width of two pictures, or 12 perforations in the length of the film, are comprised between the said apertures, where the stereoscopic pair in use faces squarely the lenses, the course of the film being at these points parallel to the lens board.

While I have chosen the size of 6 perforations as most rational for the purpose, a somewhat larger or smaller size could be obtained by varying the size of the drum and framing apertures,

' and by utilizing mediator changing the circuitans guideway for the film of appropriate dimension. A picture size of 6 perforations could also be obtained on the film crossing the camerain a straight line in the usual way, but then a space of 8 perforations would be lost between the components of each pair and the foot of film would contain only 3 such pairs instead of 5. Furthermore, it would be necessary, in order-to change the views, to pull the film a distance of 20 perforations, this corresponding practically to the outside length of the viewer would make difiicult the use of a mechanical device for this purpose. With my arrangement, one turn of the drum advances the film the exact distance required for the correct obtention or presentation of the following stereoscopic view.

While the picture size thus obtained is in theory from 33% to 50% larger than the former sizes, the

fact that the framing of a subject is most irequently determined by its side margins makes it in practice close to larger, a very appreciable ain.

Referring to the accompanying drawings exemplifying my invention,

Figure 1 is a view, in sectional elevation, showing a stereoscopic apparatus having the arrangement of the film according to my invention;

Figure 2 is a sectional plan view looking into the apparatus in the direction of the arrows at the line II-Il of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view in sectional elevation of the film carrying portion of the apparatus, looking in the direction of the arrows at the line IIIIII of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, taken along line IV-IV of Figure 2, the arrows indicat-, ing the direction of sight 'and the figure being broken off due to the limitations of the sheet;

Figures 5, 6 and I are perspective views of the several separated parts of one type of standard motion-picture film-carrying cartridge;

Figure 8 shows a strip of film illustrating the arrangement of the views thereon, the strip being broken at several points due to limitation of the sheet; and

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another arrangement for carrying out the objects of my invention.

In the drawings, it will be seen that the apparatus is constructed in two parts which are readily separable to facilitate loading of the same. The numeral l0 designates the lens and shutter carrying portion, and the numeral ll designates the film carrying portion. It will be understood that the member ll carries suitablyspaced lenses l2 spaced at the proper focal distance from the plane of the film.

Insecuring the parts I! and l I together, I have provided undercut sliding grooves by means of which the portion Il may be slid into light-proof engagement with the member I l and the member H is provided with a film protecting slide I! which may be used to exclude light from the film holder l I when the lens carrying portion II is removed therefrom in daylight.

The film carrying portion H is provided with spaced windows l4, adjacent which the film is adapted to pass. The film designated by the numeral i5 is adapted to be drawn from a film holder I6 to be hereinafter described, and through the body of the member ll adjacent the openings H over a. measuring drum l1 and onto a-spool ll,

The path-of the film, in its travel from the holder Hi to the spool i3, is defined by a series of rollbetween the windows I4, is an additional deflecting or loop forming roller 22. The function or this roller 22 is in the nature of a take-up between the windows i4, so that a greater length of film may be disposed therebetween than would be the'case if the roller 22 were omitted. This is one of the respects in which my invention distinguishes from the prior art, and upon it I desire to lay stress; for, it is to this arrangement that I attribute the results obtained. I

Referring now to the spacing of the film-mess uring or counting drum ll, it will be noted that this drum carries teeth which engage the performtions in thefilm, and as a result its movement determines that of the film, and the latter, must correspond thereto. The circumference of this drum is made equal to that of the fractional picture width, and a latch mechanism is provided,

which prevents more than one revolution of this counting drum I! at a time. I

The counting drum I1 is adapted to be rotated by the film as it .is wound upon the spool l8. Arranged upon the drum H is a single projecting pin 23 which is adapted to engage the teeth of pinion 24, arranged between the drum I! and spool l8, Figures 1 and 2, once during each revolution of the drum ll so that the pinion 24 will move a circumferential distance corresponding to one tooth upon every revolution of the drum II. The pinion 24 in turn meshes with a toothed gear wheel 25 which is; in turn associated with an indicating disc 26 on the axis of the spool l8. The indicating disc 26 carries graduations which I cooperate with an index or pointer upon the film carrying portion II, and in this manner it serves to identify the particular number of the expo: ,sure, so that by observing this index reading, the

operator may determine at any time just how many pictures he has viewed or taken.v

By referring to Figure 2 of the drawings, it will be seen that the indicating disc 23 is located outside of the film compartment where it is always in view. It will be understood that this disc 26 revolves ireely with the gear 26 about the shaft upon which the spool I8 is mounted. This figure of the drawing also shows a fiat spring 21 which serves to hold the spool IS in its proper position upon itsshait, the spring 21 being fixedupon a side or cover 28 which is removable from the film retaining housing II. The, cover member 28 also carries 'a' locking means 29 which engages, by means of pins 30 carried thereby, with bayonet slots 2| in the film supporting framework. Associated with the.

locking means 29 is shown a mutilated gear 32, a pinion 33 and a gear 34. These latter elements are adapted to cooperate with the cover locking means 29 so as to open and close the light-proof film holder l6, see Figures 5, 6 and'l, as the cover 28 is locked and unlocked upon the film carrying portion ll. The operation of these latter elements in connection with the locking member 29 will be-better understood from the. following taken in connection with Figures 3 and 4 ofthe drawings.

In Figure the locking member 29, is shown as meshing with the teeth of the pinion 33 and the teeth of "the pinion 33 are shown as meshing with the 3, the gear 32, which is fixed upon.

accepts a projecting crank 36 projecting from a member placed upon the member H, the crank will enter the recess 35. Under these conditions, the projecting pins 30 upon the member 23 will be substantially as shown in dotted lines. From this it will be seen that, as the locking member 29 is rotated 90, the gear 34 will be rotated by the gear 33, and thus the recess 35 will turn the crank 36 about the axis of the film holder 66, and in this manner the film holder it will be opened when the cover 28 is locked upon the housing ii.

In Figure 4, which is a view showing the interior of the member H with the cover 28 removed, it will be seen that there is also provided with the film holder E6 a latch 31. This latch II is carried by the film holder l6 and is adapted .to maintain the light excluding shutter thereof in its closed position. In order to release this latch 31 I have provided upon the cover 28 a downwardly projecting means 33 which acts to displace this latch and unlock the shutter upon the film holder it, when the cover 28 is properly in place. In this view the upper side of the film carrying frame is designated by the numeral 39 and the member which provides the bayonet slots 3| is designated by the numeral 40'. It will designates the film spool upon which the film i5 is originally wound, and the numeral 44 designates a sliding sleeve or shutter which surrounds the spool 43 and is retained within the cylinder 42. The cylinder 42- has an aperture 45, and the shutter 44 has an aperture 46. when the film retaining spool I6 is open. the apertures? 45 and 46 will be in register, and when the film holder is closed against the admission of light the cylinder 44 will be rotated, as previouslydescribed, by means of the recess 36, and crank- 36, to a position where the apertures 46 and 46 will be out of registry. 1

h In Figure 8 there is shown'a strip of filmupon which the arrangement of the successive picture "areas is illustrated. From this illustration it may be seen. that, after the operation of exposing the film has been started, there is no waste of film between the successive pictures, the only blank in this procedure being that of the second picturearea from each end, designated by the word "B1ank in the illustration. In this view of the drawing it will also be seen that the width .of thepictures in each case is equal to'a distance corresponding to six film perforations as distinguished from fourheretofore'possible in films of this type.

In Figure 9 I have illustrated another form of my device. In this embodiment the film retaining housing designated bythe numeral H is shown as having rounded ends somewhat after the fashion of standard cameras and the film measuring drum, designated by the numeral 41,-

is disposed between the view framing apertures gear 34; The gear 34 has a recess 35, into which [4 go th t 11; mn pergmh a m till openers v and feeding the/film and at the some time take up the film between the successive views. The film holder I6 and the film spool l8 are shown as disposed in the opposite extreme ends of the film carrying portion ll.

I i-om the foregoing description, it will be uu= derstood that, while '1 have described my invert tionmore particularly in connection with store cscoplc devices or apparatus, such as stereopti= cons and stereosccpes, l'desire it understood that it is equally adapted to the production of negotives or fractional frame pictures to he used stereoscopic devices or apparatus or moving pic= trite hire. projectors. in other words, as orig set forth, my invention comprehends the of means of increasing the size and number moving picture or fractional views of it given object, and. the use 01 the some in an apparatus cupsble oi either viewing, taking or projecting such pictures, the object being to convert the iu= itiel rotary movement of the film into e, rig ti e movement during the process of shitting the or the pictures or fractional picture frames oi the strip, regardless of the type oi. apparatus the film or strip may be manipulated, rind it will be readily seen that the general prise clple involved is that of increasing the size of the view or the area, of the view or fractional portion thereof on the film by so manipulating the iiini strip as to produce a, loop therein siniul= toneously with the shifting thereof, and also to positively determine the movement of the either lay the loop forming mechanism or o mechunism cooperative with the loop forming device, in either instance elements for shifting and controlling the travel of the film having the efiect of positively advancing the film, converting it into o. 1001), and controlling the extent 01" travel oi the film. That is to say, for the purposes oi my creed invention, I manipulate a picture iilrn, re= gardless of its specific use, so as to give the sonic circuitous path through the device. path may be produced by the utilization of s guidewoy, including a roller or rollers, which form the film into a loop of appropriate size.

Having thus described my invention, what i claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a stereoscopic apparatus, including 9. car

tying portion having suitably spaced lenses and a. detachable film carrying portion having ccrrespondingly spaced exposure iields, means for supporting 3. him in the detachable portion, means for feeding the film in the letter at an angle to the lenses, and means interposed in the path of the film between the exposure fields for elongst-= lug its course and positively feeding the same in o continuous manner through the apparatus.

2. In a stereoscopic apparatus having lenses and corresponding exposure fields, means for supporting s. film therein, means for feeding the iilm at an angle to the lenses, and means interposed in the path of the film for elongating its course be= tween the exposure iields, so that larger and more rational stereoscopic views having the normal pu pillary spacing may be obtained in s. continuous manner and in properly interspaced order.

3. In a stereoscopic apparatus having lenses and corresponding exposure fields, means for supporting a film therein, means for feeding the film at an angle to the lenses, and means interposed in the path of the film for elongating its course between the exposure fields, so that larger and more rational stereoscopic views having the norincl pupillary spacing may be obtained in e, con= tinuous manner and in properly interspersed order,

said means including o, circuitous guidewey of predetermined length.

i, In an apparatus as stated, lens carrying portion, film carrying portion, means detach ably connecting the two portions together, rescue within the film carrying portion for supporting and traversing a rim lengthwise of in"; core rying portion and at an angle to the lenses, me s interposed in the path of the film for elong A its course, said means being 2, plurality roll oi predetermined size around which the guided and one of which is placed upprou 1 midway the terminals of the film.

5. In an apparatus as stated, lens portion, a film carrying portion, means detach ably connecting the two portions together, within the film carrying portion for s' traversing a. film lengthwise of the tying portion and at an angle to the louse l interposed in the path of the film for elon; its course, sold means including a roller of p ed terniined size having peripheral teeth th adopted to engage and positively drive the REE 9,215

6. an apparatus of the type indicated, 9, lens carrying and. supporting portion, a, film c' portion, means between the two portions 107. do techebly connecting the some and enabling one to support the other, the film carrying portion hoviug openings, s, shutter carried icy one or" the members for covering said opemhgs, with in the carrying portion for supporting, ing and feeding e. film, said means including o film holder, at measuring drum, 2, film supporting spool, and guiding rollers disposed midway oi the film carrying portion and spaced cep telly with reference to the l nses of the supporting portion.

3'. In an apparatus Of the type indicated, a lens carrying portion having spaced lenses, at

film carrying portion, and means within the latter for supporting and positively roofing a film relatively to the lenses and including device by means of which the film they be caused to travel e, circuitous path Within the film carrying portion and relatively to the lenses.

8. In an apparatus of the type indicated, 2, film carrying portion, lens carrying means for supporting the some, and. means within the film carrying portion for supporting, traversing and guiding s, film relatively to the lens carrying menus, sold means comprising e. film holder at one end or the film carrying portion, a measuring drum oi; the other end of the film carrying portion, and e, deflecting device between the film holder end the measuring drum for guiding and causing the film to traverse o, circuitous path within the film carrying portion.

9. An apparatus of the type indicated in claim 8, wherein the film holder is provided with a pro t ctive shutter.

iii. An apparatus or the type indicated in claim 3, wherein the measuring drum is provided with means lay which to positively feed the film a predetermined distance for every revolution thereof. MAURICE FAYOILE.

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